Characins
| Scientific Name | Common Names | Synonyms | Family | |
| Abramites hypselonotus | High-Backed Headstander Marbled Headstander | Abramites microcephalus Abramites ternetzi Leporinus nigripinnis Leporinus solarii | Anostomidae | |
 | Aphyocharax anisitsi | Bloodfin Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Aphyocharax paraguayensis | Panda Tetra Rio Paraguay Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Aphyocharax rathbuni | Green Fire Tetra Rathbun's Bloodfin Redflank Bloodfin | Characidae | |
 | Astyanax jordani | Blind Cave Fish Silvery Tetra | Anoptichthys jordani Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus Astyanax mexicanus jordani | Characidae |
 | Boehlkea fredcochui | Blue Tetra Cochu's Blue Tetra | Characidae | |
| Brachychalcinus orbicularis | Discus Tetra Disk Tetra Salmon Discus | Ephippicharax orbicularis Poptella orbicularis Tetragonopterus orbicularis | Characidae | |
 | Carnegiella strigata | Marbled Hatchetfish | Carnegiella strigata fasciata Carnegiella strigata marowini Carnegiella strigata strigata Carnegiella strigata surinamensis Carnegiella strigata vesca Carnegiella vesca Gasteropelecus fasciatus Gasteropelecus strigatus | Gasteropelecidae |
 | Colossoma macropomum | Blackfin Pacu Pacu Red Bellied Pacu Tambaqui | Colossoma tambaqui Myletes macropomus Piaractus macropomus | Characidae |
| Copella arnoldi | Jumping Characin Splash Characin Splash Tetra | Copeina arnoldi | Lebiasinidae | |
| Corynopoma riisei | Swordtail Characin Swordtail Tetra | Characidae | ||
| Ctenolucius hujeta | Freshwater Barracuda Gar Characin Hujeta Pike Characin Rocket Gar | Ctenolucius hujeta hujeta Hydrocynus hujeta Luciocharax hujeta Xiphostoma hujeta | Ctenoluciidae | |
| Distichodus affinis | Silver Distichodus | Distichodura affine | Citharinidae | |
| Distichodus lusosso | Long Nosed Distichodus | Citharinidae | ||
 | Exodon paradoxus | Bucktooth Tetra | Hystricodon paradoxus | Characidae |
 | Gasteropelecus sternicla | Common Hatchet Common Hatchetfish River Hatchet Silver Hatchet | Clupea sternicla | Gasteropelecidae |
 | Gymnocorymbus ternetzi | Black Skirt Tetra Black Tetra Black Widow Skirt Tetra | Tetragonopterus ternetzi | Characidae |
 | Hasemania nana | Silver Tip Tetra Silvertip Tetra | Hemigrammus nanus Tetragonopterus nanus | Characidae |
 | Hemigrammus bleheri | Firehead Tetra Rummynose Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hemigrammus erythrozonus | Fire Neon Glo-light Tetra Glowlight Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hemigrammus ocellifer | Beaconfish Head & Tail Lights Tetra | Hemibrycon ocellifer Tetragonopterus ocellifer | Characidae |
 | Hemigrammus pulcher | Garnet Tetra Pretty Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hemigrammus rodwayi | Gold Tetra Golden Tetra | Hemigrammus armstrongi | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon anisitsi | Buenos Aires Tetra | Hemigrammus anisitsi Hemigrammus caudovittatus Hyphessobrycon anisitsi | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus | Yellow Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hyphessobrycon columbianus | Blue Colombian Tetra Blue Flame Tetra Colombian Redfin Tetra Colombian Tetra Columbian Tetra Red Colombian Tetra | Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon eques | Jewel Tetra Serpae Tetra | Cheirodon eques Chirodon eques Hyphessobrycon callistus Hyphessobrycon serpae Megalamphodus eques | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma | Bleeding Heart Tetra | Hemigrammus erythrostigma | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon flammeus | Flame Tetra Red Tetra Von Rio Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi | Harold Schultz Tetra | Hemigrammus haraldschultzi | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi | Black Cardinal Black Neon | Characidae | |
 | Hyphessobrycon megalopterus | Black Phantom Phantom Tetra | Megalamphodus megalopterus | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis | Lemon Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Hyphessobrycon rosaceus | Black Flag Tetra Rosaceus Rosy Tetra | Hyphessobrycon bentosi Hyphessobrycon bentosi rosaceus | Characidae |
 | Hyphessobrycon sweglesi | Red Phantom Swegles's Tetra | Megalamphodus sweglesi | Characidae |
 | Ladigesia roloffi | Jelly Bean Tetra | Alestiidae | |
 | Leporinus affinis | Banded Leporinus | Anostomidae | |
 | Leporinus fasciatus | Black Banded Leporinus | Salmo fasciatus | Anostomidae |
 | Metynnis hypsauchen | Silver Dollar Silver Pacu | Myletes hypsauchen | Characidae |
 | Moenkhausia pittieri | Diamond Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae | Lamp Eyes Redeye Tetra | Moenkhausia sanctae-filomenae Tetragonopterus sanctaefilomenae | Characidae |
 | Myleus rubripinnis | Red Hook Silver Dollar | Myletes rubripinnis | Characidae |
| Nannaethiops unitaeniatus | One Line Tetra One Striped African Characin | Citharinidae | ||
 | Nannostomus beckfordi | Golden Pencilfish | Lebiasinidae | |
 | Nannostomus eques | Brown Pencilfish Three Striped Pencilfish | Lebiasinidae | |
 | Nannostomus unifasciatus | One-lined Pencilfish | Poecilobrycon unifasciatus | Lebiasinidae |
 | Nematobrycon palmeri | Emperor Tetra | Characidae | |
 | Neolebias ansorgii | Landgraf's Tetra | Neolebias ansorgii Neolebias landgrafi | Citharinidae |
 | Paracheirodon axelrodi | Cardinal Tetra | Cheirodon axelrodi | Characidae |
 | Paracheirodon innesi | Neon Tetra | Hyphessobrycon innesi | Characidae |
| Paracheirodon simulans | False Neon Tetra Green Neon Tetra Green Tetra | Cheirodon simulans Hyphessobrycon simulans | Characidae | |
 | Phenacogrammus interruptus | Congo Tetra | Alestopetersius interruptus Hemigrammalestes interruptus Micralestes interruptus Phenacogrammus interruptus | Alestiidae |
 | Prionobrama filigera | Glass Bloodfin | Aphyocharax filigerus | Characidae |
 | Pristella maxillaris | Pristella X-Ray Tetra | Aphyocarax maxillaris Aphyocharax maxillaris Holopristis riddlei Pristella riddlei | Characidae |
 | Pygocentrus nattereri | Piranha Red Bellied Piranha | Pygocentrus ternetzi | Characidae |
| Serrasalmus rhombeus | Black Piranha Niger Piranha Rhom Piranha White Piranha | Serralamus niger | Characidae | |
 | Thayeria boehlkei | Hockeystick Tetra Penguin Tetra Penguinfish | Characidae | |
| Thayeria obliqua | Penguin Fish Short Striped Thayeria | Thayeria obliquus | Characidae | |
 | Triportheus rotundatus | Catalina Tetra | Chalceus rotundatus | Characidae |